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pulse forming network
A pulse forming network (PFN) is an electric circuit that accumulates electrical energy over a comparatively long time, then releases the stored energy in the form of a relatively square pulse of comparatively brief duration for various pulsed power applications. In a PFN, energy storage components such as capacitors, inductors or transmission lines are charged by means of a high voltage power source, then rapidly discharged into a load via a high voltage switch, such as a spark gap or hydrogen thyratron. Repetition rates range from single pulses to about 104 per second. PFNs are used to produce precise nanosecond-length pulses of electricity to power devices such as klystron or magnetron tube oscillators in radar sets, pulsed lasers, particle accelerators, flashtubes, and high voltage utility test equipment.
Much high energy research equipment is operated in a pulsed mode, both to keep heat dissipation down and because high energy physics often occurs at short time scales, so large PFNs are widely used in high energy research. They have been used to produce nanosecond length pulses with voltages of up to 106 - 107 volts and currents up to 106 amps, with peak power in the terawatt range, similar to lightning bolts.
== Implementation ==
A PFN consists of a series of high voltage energy storage capacitors and inductors. These components are interconnected as a "''ladder network''" that behaves similarly to a length of transmission line. For this reason, a PFN is sometimes called an "''artificial, or synthetic, transmission line''". Electrical energy is initially stored within the charged capacitors of the PFN by a high voltage DC power supply. When the PFN is discharged the capacitors discharge in sequence, producing an approximately rectangular pulse. The pulse is conducted to the load through a transmission line. The PFN must be impedance matched to the load impedance to prevent the energy reflecting back toward the PFN.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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